The natural course of untreated posterior lateral rotatory instability of the elbow is unclear. A case of elbow arthrosis with progressing deformity and flexion contracture after an episode of elbow dislocation about 20 years ago presented the possibility the long term outcome of untreated posterior lateral rotatory instability of the elbow.

Anterior and posterior drawer tests of the shoulder are described. Their purpose is to detect anterior and posterior shoulder instability and thereby to eliminate some of the failures of operative treatment. Their value in assessing unidirectional and multidirectional instability both before and after operation is discussed.

Posterior neck pain is a common complaint of patients in the pain clinic. The atlas (C1) burst fracture is known to be a cause of posterior neck pain and instability. Although the atlas burst fracture and instability can be discovered by plain X-rays which show lateral mass displacement or widening of the atlantodental interval, assessment of an atlas burst fracture can be difficult if there is...

INTRODUCTION The use of posterior capsular plication to decrease capsular volume and reduce capsular laxity for treatment for posterior instability, multidirectional instability, or as an additional technique in the treatment of anterior instability is common. Although it is well known that capsular stitches hold well in the labrum and anterior capsule, the posterior capsule is thinner, less ro...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and identify predictors of success for arthroscopic posterior Bankart reconstruction with modern suture anchor repair and anterior capsulolabral plication in a well-defined patient population-recurrent, traumatic, involuntary, unidirectional posterior shoulder instability. METHODS Patients with recurrent, traumatic, involuntary, u...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in static and dynamic postural control after the development of acute low back pain. METHODS Thirty healthy right-handed volunteers were divided into three groups; the right back pain group, the left back pain group, and the control group. 0.5 mL of 5% hypertonic saline was injected into L4-5 paraspinal muscle for 5 seconds to cause muscle pain. The movement ...