background  multiple procedures (lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspiration /biopsy) cause pain, stress, depression and etc for the patients and their families. various methods have been recommended for pain reduction during invasive procedures. the aim of this study is to report the complications following general anesthesia. methods in this prospective observational study, two hundred and two...

background  in recent years, many researchers haveattempted to cure diabetes by using stem cells technology. stem cells from different sources have capabilityto differentiateinto insulin producing cells (ipcs) by different methods. the obstaclesof these methods aretheirexpensive materials and complexity ofmethodswhichare practicallydisadvantagesfor producing enough transplantableipcs that can c...

background sall gene family represent a group of evolutionary conserved zinc finger transcription factors which are involved in normal development. it includes four members (sall1 to sall4). sall4 has significant roles in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal, efficient proliferation /stabilization and cell fate decision of embryonic stem cells (escs). our aim in this study was to an...

stem cell-based therapy has great potential in treating health conditions including cardiovascular, autoimmune, type i diabetes, neurodegenerative and bone and cartilage diseases also in spinal cord injuries, malformations and cancer. in addition to their potential use to treat systemic diseases, stem cell-based therapy also provides a powerful tool to treat oral and dental diseases such as cra...

introduction: chemokine receptors are found on the surface of stem cells. there have been 19 distinct chemokine receptors described in mammals. chemokines are major players in migration and homing. therefore, changes in their levels or function can help us to increase the migratory potential of these cells. valproic acid differs in structure from other drugs in common use. the way in which valp...

invasive aspergillosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant recipients, especially in lung transplantations. diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is one of the current challenges due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and broad differential diagnosis. definitive diagnosis usually requires invasive procedures, including bronchoscopy and ctguided biopsy

introduction: infants born with congenital anomalies demand individualized nutritional evaluations and recommendations. the anatomical changes of neonatal surgical diseases create specific physiological constraints.patients with different congenital anomalies have different nutritional support needs. it is essential to know the exact physiology of these anomalies in order to be able to manage a...

helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped, microaerophilic organism that colonizes the stomach of humans and causes chronic-active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancers, including adenocarcinoma of the stomach and malt (mucosal-associated lymphoid tumor) lymphomas. h. pylori colonizes the stomach of over 50 % the world’s human population, primarily those who reside in...

introduction: patients with cystic fibrosis have increased risk of malnutrition. early detection of nutritional deterioration enables prompt intervention and correction. the aims of this project were to: - define the nutritional status of cf patients in iran and new zealand -    compare and contrast the macdonald nutritional screening tool  with the australasian guidelines for nutrition in cyst...

background/aims: inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, whose etiologies are still unknown. this study was performed to evaluate the humoral immune response in terms of b cell functions in selected ibd patients. methods: eighteen pediatric patients with ibd, including 12 cases of ulcerative colitis (uc) and six with crohn disease (cd), were enrolled...