[1] Describing the canonical properties of turbulent flows over rough-permeable walls such as gravel beds, vegetatedor snow-covered surfaces have, to date, resisted complete theoretical treatment. The major complication in describing such geophysical flows is that the friction factor Reynolds number relationships significantly deviate from their conventional Nikuradse curves or Moody diagrams d...

background: various chemicals are used to produce polymers ,leakage of polymer materials over the time , can cause health problems the aim of this research was to evaluate the leakage of heavy metals from the pvc and polypropylene pipes used in the water distribution system in isfahan. methods: four brands of pp pipes and two various types of pvc pipes were analyzed in this study. concentration...

A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe w...

The present work deals with the influence of magnetic field on Newtonian fluid sandwiched between two porous cylindrical pipes which are filled micropolar fluids. Fluid motion is occurring along z*-axis and an applied taken in direction perpendicular to motion. On applying appropriate boundary conditions, velocity profiles, microrotations, flow rate, shear stresses obtained for corresponding re...

This paper describes development of a three somites earthworm type mobile inspection robot which is able to move in long pipes. We have many small diameter pipes which are gas or water pipes for individual or corporate houses and boilers or hot water pipes for industries. They are settled in the ground horizontally or in the narrow spaces vertically and some of them are covered by casings or ha...

This article utilizes the experimental method to investigate the thermal performance of heat sinks with one and two pairs of embedded heat pipes. A heat sink with embedded heat pipes transfers the total heat capacity from the heat source to both the base plate and heat pipes, and then disperses heat into the surrounding air via the forced convection. The heat transference from base plate to fin...

Interstitial Fluid Displacement (IFD) is a new and novel method for separating cesium from saltcake waste. It was identified by reevaluating fundamental factors of the saltcake recovery system, such as physical and chemical properties of saltcake, experience from other technical disciplines and industries, processing rate requirements, process safety requirements, and use of proven-successful p...

Heat pipes (HP) are considered being used in the divertor target because of their high thermal conductivity and capability to substantially enlarge heat transfer area cooling circuit. Here, a concept based on pipe design is introduced able dissipate fluxes up 20 MW/m2. It consists 230 mm long water-based with capillary structure that combines axial grooves sintered porous material. The analysis...

One approach to solve the end to end (E2E) quality of services (QoS) problem of multimedia services delivery over multi-domain IP heterogeneous network infrastructures in a scaleable manner is the establishment of long term QoS enabled aggregated pipes. To allow dynamism, the actual service invocation of these pipes can be made as a separate action from the pipes subscription. This paper propos...

The results of a metallographic study of grey cast iron water pipes are reported. These pipes had been installed between 1885 and 1973 in eight different water systems. Each pipe had been extracted during scheduled maintenance or failure repairs to provide data for a larger study to produce a methodology for determining the residual life of grey cast iron pipes. This metallographic study was co...