OBJECTIVE We calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of Canadian childhood asthma due to modifiable environmental exposures, in order to estimate their relative contributions to asthma development based on the current literature. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to determine Canadian childhood asthma incidence, Canadian prevalence of exposure to airborne pollutants and i...

Epidemiology is the study of occurrence, distribution and determinants of health-related events, including the application of that knowledge to the prevention and control of health problems. However, epidemiological studies, in most cases, have limited their research questions to determinants of health outcomes. Research related to the application of knowledge for prevention and control of dise...

Background: Ischemic Heart Disease has been increasing in the Middle East and North Africa. Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor of IHD and play an important role in the epidemic of IHD. Hypertension is responsible for about 45% of IHD mortality and affects more than one billion people around the world. Objective: This study aims to quantify the population attributable fraction...

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BACKGROUND A number of infectious agents have been classified as human carcinogens. The purpose of the current study was to provide an evidence-based assessment of the burden of infection-related cancers in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The population attributable fraction was calculated using infection prevalence data from 1990 or earlier, relative risk estimates from meta-ana...

Smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is the number of deaths in a population caused by smoking. In this study, the authors examined and empirically quantified the effects of methodological problems in the estimation of SAM through population attributable fraction methods. In addition to exploring common concerns regarding generalizability and residual confounding in relative risks, the authors ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to compare two mathematical procedures to estimate the annual attributable number of deaths (the Allison et al procedure and the Mokdad et al procedure), and derive a new procedure that combines the best aspects of both procedures. The new procedure calculates attributable number of deaths along a continuum (i.e. for each unit of exposure), and allows for...