background: immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (dtp) has long been applied in iran using whole cell vac­cine. despite the role of whole cell dtp (dtwp) vaccine in reduction of mortality as a result of disastrous diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, serious local and systemic complications have been attributed to these vaccines. this study was performed to det...

thionyl chloride (or oxalyl chloride) has been used as an efficient and cheap acid activator for one-pot synthesis of β-lactams in good to excellent yields by reaction between imines and acids in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature.

background : since the introduction of silicone based medical devices in to clinical practice, several reports appeared in the medical literature regarding their adverse effects. however, there are few reports of immunologic reactions to these implants. case presentation : a case of systemic reaction to a breast implant inserted for immediate breast reconstruction in a breast cancer patient is ...

dear editor-in-chief we read with interest the study by khazaei et al. (1) in which the authors have nicely concluded that pcr is more sensitive test than ziehl-neelsen staining and histo-pathological examination for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb). they have rightly pointed to use pcr, selectively, in acidfast bacilli negative paucibacillary forms of tb. however, we intend to highlight few ...

in this paper, the effect of surface area of reaction layers in gas diffusion electrodes on oxygen reduction reaction was investigated. for this purpose, various amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and zero %wt of total loading of reaction layer) of single walled carbon nanotube (swcnt) were inserted in the reaction layer. the performance of gas diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction re...

sulfonic acid functionalized sba-15 (sba-pr-so3h) with pore size 6 nm as an efficient heterogeneous nanoporous solid acid catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the biginelli-like reaction in the synthesis of spiroheterobicyclic rings with good yield and good recyclability. spiro-pyrimidinethiones/spiro-pyrimidinones-barbituric acid derivatives were synthesized in a simple and efficient ...

silica-grafted n-propyl-diaza-15-crown-5 (sgpdc) with immobilized palladium nanoparticles was found as an efficient heterogeneous catalytic system for the heck and suzuki coupling reactions and satisfied results were obtained. different derivatives of aryl halides and alkenes under the heck reaction were converted to the corresponding products with good efficiency. the presence of electron-dona...

Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of gas-phase reactions can result in automatically generated mechanisms that contain thousands of reactions. In this paper, we describe the development of a rule-based expert system tool that organizes these reactions into classes such as hydrogen abstraction and beta scission. We have developed 29 simple classification rules, 20 complex (well-skipping) classi...