The control of protein synthesis during maturation in oocytes is mainly exerted through cytoplasmic polyadenylation of stored mRNAs. We first analyzed the polyadenylation status of cyclins A2 and B1 during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes, using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends-Polyadenylation Technique (RACE-PAT). An inconstant elongation of the poly(A) tail was observed for cyclin ...

Rous sarcoma virus pre-mRNA contains an element known as the negative regulator of splicing (NRS) that acts to inhibit viral RNA splicing. The NRS binds serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, hnRNP H and the U1/U11 snRNPs, and appears to inhibit splicing by acting as a decoy 5' splice site. Deletions within the gag gene that encompass the NRS also lead to increased read-through past the viral poly...

Alternative polyadenylation has a major function in gene expression and is often mediated through signals that lack canonical signatures. In this issue, Nunes et al (2010) uncover a new upstream A-rich sequence element that in conjunction with a strong U/GU-rich downstream element may be responsible for up to a third of polyadenylation events in mammalian cells that are not mediated by a canoni...

The biological functions of the epitranscriptomic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in plants are not fully understood. CPSF30-L is a predominant isoform polyadenylation factor CPSF30 and consists CPSF30-S an m6A-binding YTH domain. Little known about roles molecular mechanism underlying its function alternative polyadenylation. Here, we characterized as Arabidopsis m6A reader whose require...

The sequence AAUAAA is found near the polyadenylation site of eucaryotic mRNAs. This sequence is required for accurate and efficient cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs in vivo. In this study we show that synthetic simian virus 40 late pre-mRNAs are cleaved and polyadenylated in vitro in a HeLa cell nuclear extract, and that cleavage in vitro is abolished by each of four different single-...

We have investigated the role of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) early untranslated region (3' UTR) in HPV-16 gene expression. We found that deletion of the early 3' UTR reduced the utilization of the early polyadenylation signal and, as a consequence, resulted in read-through into the late region and production of late L1 and L2 mRNAs. Deletion of the U-rich 3' half of the early 3' U...

We present a comprehensive map of over 1 million polyadenylation sites and quantify their usage in major cancers and tumor cell lines using direct RNA sequencing. We built the Expression and Polyadenylation Database to enable the visualization of the polyadenylation maps in various cancers and to facilitate the discovery of novel genes and gene isoforms that are potentially important to tumorig...

In Xenopus development, during meiosis and cleavage, the extent of polyadenylation plays a central role in regulating the expression of transcripts and this is mediated by cis regulatory cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPE) in the 3'-UTRs. We have identified a palindromic CPE in the mRNA of Xenopus Id3 which is conserved in the Id genes from other vertebrates. It promotes cytoplasmic poly...

Maternally and paternally derived alleles can utilize different promoters, but allele-specific differences in cotranscriptional processes have not been reported. We show that alternative polyadenylation sites at a novel murine imprinted gene (H13) are utilized in an allele-specific manner. A differentially methylated CpG island separates polyA sites utilized on maternal and paternal alleles, an...

Almost all eukaryotic mRNAs possess 3' ends with a polyadenylate (poly(A)) tail. This poly(A) tail is not encoded in the genome but is added by the process of polyadenylation. Polyadenylation is a two-step process, and this process is accomplished by multisubunit protein factors. Here, we comprehensively compare the protein machinery responsible for polyadenylation of mRNAs across many evolutio...