This paper reviews a variety of criteria which have been proposed for legislative and congressional redistricting in the US and discusses the political and legal factors which have shaped 1980s redistricting. Particular attention is paid to the conflicts of interest between incumbents (seeking re-election), party organizations (seeking aggregate partisan advantage), minority interests (seeking ...

This paper investigates whether improvements in women’s political representation are associated with higher child survival, and whether any improvements are greater for girls. It also differentiates the caste of both the child and the political leader. We use within-district variation in electoral outcomes for 286 districts across 31 years and within-mother variation in survival outcomes for 0....

We study the constrained Pareto efficient allocations in a dynamic production economy in which the group that holds political power decides the allocation of resources. We show that Pareto efficient allocations take a quasi-Markovian structure and can be represented recursively as a function of the identity of the group in power and updated Pareto weights. For high discount factors, the economy...

Political socialization is the process by which the transition of political cultures takes place from one generation to another.In the other words political socialization is continuous in whole of life, in which political personality of people is formed. Many factors affect people political socialization that some of them are; Family, Mass Media, School and Peer Groups. This research represents...

The two general data analytic questions of subgroup mining (B2.2) deal with deviations and associations (C5.2.3, C5.2.4). A deviation pattern describes a deviating behavior (distribution) of a target variable in a subgroup. Target variable and behavior type are selected by the analyst for an individual mining task, the deviating subgroups are determined by the mining method. Deviation patterns ...