competition over who shall reproduce, but because it is apparently more efficient for the colony to cycle between phases of reproduction and foraging. Why cycling should be more efficient than continuous reproduction, as is seen in most eusocial insects, has not yet been addressed. Perhaps it is the only way these ants can control egg production. Interestingly, females of some solitary insects ...

High-performance frame communication networks including VDSL have been conceived to carry traffic sources and support a continuum of transport rates ranging from low bit-rate to high bit-rate traffic. As a number of telecommunications traffic (bursty traffic) fluctuates on a certain network it results in congestion. The traditional policing mechanisms are finite-sized buffers with queue managem...

Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic, which provides a most efficient way to handle inexact information as a basis of reasoning. With fuzzy logic it is possible to convert knowledge, which is expressed in an uncertain form, to an exact and precise output for uncertain systems. In fuzzy control, the controller can be simply represented by if-then-else rules. The interpretation of the controller...

Even as community policing has emerged as the dominant paradigm, research indicates that police agencies continue to be highly militaristic and bureaucratic in structure and culture. This article reports findings from an observational study of recruit training at a police academy that had introduced a new curriculum emphasizing community policing and problem solving. The article explores the so...

This paper reviews the available research evidence on the effectiveness of hot spots policing programs in reducing crime and disorder. The research identified five randomized controlled experiments and four non-equivalent control group quasi-experiments evaluating the effects of hot spots policing interventions on crime. Seven of nine selected evaluations reported noteworthy crime and disorder ...

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an overview of organizational changes in the New Jersey State Police (NJSP) Investigations Branch and how the Branch has adapted to the paradigm of intelligence-led policing. The paper also reports on interviews conducted to assess the impact on key staff affected by the change, through the medium of a drug-gang investigation, Operation Nine Connect. Design/...

Conflict management is one of the primary requirements for social complexity. Of the many forms of conflict management, one of the rarest and most interesting is third-party policing, or intervening impartially to control conflict. Third-party policing should be hard to evolve because policers personally pay a cost for intervening, while the benefits are diffused over the whole group. In this s...

Over the past two decades, police departments around the globe have been involved in a slow, but steady transition from call-based policing to community-oriented policing. The former approach, while effective at closing cases once a crime has occurred, does little to develop crime prevention partnerships between officers on the beat and the citizens of local communities. Community-oriented poli...

*Editorial and writing assistance provided by Bonnie Pollard. Introduction* The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications that community policing has for police officer training, as well as to examine the issue those implications raise. Outlining the boundaries of these concerns is important, because community policing differs radically from traditions policing, such as motor patrol,...

This paper summarising ‘procedural justice’ approaches to policing, contrasting these to the more politically dominant discourse about policing as crime control. It argues that public trust in policing is needed partly because this may result in public cooperation with justice, but more importantly because public trust in justice builds institutional legitimacy and thus public compliance with t...