Polarity inversion based speech watermarking scheme hide data in speech by modification of the speech polarity. This paper build a statistical model of the polarity detection problem, based on this model, the original polarity detection scheme and the optimal detection scheme are analyzed and compared. The theoretical analysis results are validated by Monte Carlo simulation, the optimal polarit...

Neuronal cell function is largely dependent on polarity. Studies in the past decades indicate that the neuronal polarity machinery is one of the major targets of neurological disorders. Planar cell polarity (PCP) and apicobasal (AB) polarity modules were shown to be crucial for the establishment of neuronal polarity. Accordingly, neural tube defects (NTDs) have been associated with mutations in...

The diversity of neuronal morphologies and the complexity of synaptic connections in the mammalian brain provide striking examples of cell polarity. Over the past decade, the identification of the PAR (for partitioning-defective) proteins, their function in polarity in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, and the conservation of polarity proteins related to the PAR polarity complex in Drosophila ...