The process of digitization in libraries of Pakistan is at a very initial stage. Pakistan is lagging behind developed countries due to many reasons such as: funding, computer illiteracy and expertise in digitization. However, some institutions like the Higher Education Commission, the Punjab University Library, the National Library of Pakistan and some private organizations are doing digitizati...

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is the application of esophageal myotomy to the concept of natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES) by utilizing a submucosal tunneling method. Since the first case of POEM was performed for treating achalasia in Japan in 2008, this procedure is being more widely used by many skillful endosopists all over the world. Currently, POEM is a spotlighted, emergin...

A 54-year-old woman sought clinical consultation because of a > 27-year history of dysphagia. She had an Eckardt score of 13 and was diagnosed with sigmoid-type achalasia (S2 type, type II) based on esophageal motility testing, upper endoscopy, barium esophagography, and clinical presentations. We investigated a technique of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) performed directly without a submuco...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a time-consuming and challenging procedure. Traditionally, the myotomy is done after the submucosal tunnel has been completed. Starting the myotomy earlier, after submucosal tunneling is half completed (concurrent myotomy and tunneling), may be more efficient. This study aims to assess if the method of concurrent myotomy and tunneli...

abd- al sami’ ibn-mohammad-ali- yazdi is one of the lettered, jurists & poets of 13th century (a.h) that has done valuable services to the arabic language and literature like so many other iranian. so far, there are only a few biographical books in which he has been mentioned or introduced. unfortunately he has been forgotten during the passage of time. most of his writings are in arabic and th...

Introduction The Paper Historical Collection of the Dutch Royal Library, the National Library of the Netherlands in The Hague, includes amongst its collections forty sheets of a manuscript written on tree bark (KB:I.A.4.). The manuscript, folded in a concertina, measures 194 x 134 mm. It was acquired by auction for the collection in 1970 and was at that time classified as written in Rencong scr...

Transparent glass frames are often used to exhibit, handle, and store ancient manuscripts (folia or fragments) across museums, libraries, collections. Once the carefully sealed (glazed), process of re-opening frame for analysis glazed manuscript is not always desirable, given their fragile state preservation. Therefore, microimaging with IR UV light sources above a frequently method preliminary...

Analysis of manuscripts and edition the poem “Night March” by Gabriela Mistral, starting from concept “units composition” proposed Jean Bellemin Noel in framework genetic criticism. The article tests a relationship between original structure quatrains constructed with binaries call for Latin American union, represented friendship Jose de San Martin Bernardo O’Higgins. In same way, letters Mistr...