Ciclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide with powerful immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties that has been used in veterinary medicine for two decades. It is a calcineurin inhibitor whose principal mode of action is to inhibit T cell activation. The drug is principally absorbed from the small intestine and is metabolised in the intestine and liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme...

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects Punica granatum L. and Allium cepa peels aqueous cyclodextrin extracts on broiler chicks’ performance welfare status, as well meat chemical composition oxidative stability. A total 120 one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks were randomly allocated three treatments with four replicate pens (10 per pen). Broiler in control group fed typical commerci...

claw capsule lesions are the most common cause’s lameness in cows. during the entire year of 2005 a survey was undertaken by sir author on the prevalence of different claw lesions causing lameness on 30882 cases of culled cows and bulls at central abttoir in the vicinity of ardebil which was well equiped and with new constructions. after recording information for each case, the feet were amputa...