Recent work on complex networks compared the topological and electrical structures of the power grid, taking into account the underlying physical laws that govern the electrical connectivity between various components in the network. A distance metric, namely, resistance distance was introduced to provide a more comprehensive description of interconnections in power systems compared with the to...

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are starting to see increased deployment, enabling accurate measurement of power grid electrical properties to determine system health. Due to the costs associated with PMU acquisition and maintenance, it is practically important to place the minimum number of PMUs in order to achieve system complete observability. In this paper, we consider a variety of optimiza...

This paper presents a review of the Phasor Measurement Units employed in the Modern Power Systems. Synchronized phasor measurements have advanced the power system monitoring, controlling, protecting and operating standards in the recent decades. Its potential can be used effectively in the process of upgrading the current power grids into smart grids. With these ideas in mind, a review on PMU i...

In this paper, Integer Programming based methodology is presented for the optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) that minimizes the cost of installation and provide the entire power system observability. The concepts of zero injection buses are used in this paper for further reduction in number of PMUs. Integer Programming may produce multiple results if neighboring buses to zero in...

The electrical structure of the power grid is utilized to address the phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement problem. First, we derive the connectivity matrix of the network using the resistance distance metric and employ it in the linear program formulation to obtain the optimal number of PMUs, for complete network observability without zero injection measurements. This approach was developed...

Abstract—This paper presents a Generalized Binary Integer Linear Programming (GBILP) method for optimal allocation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and to generate Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) solution with complete observability. The GBILP method is formulated with Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) constraints to reduce the number of locations for placement of PMUs in the case of normal and single ...

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are measuring devices that, when placed in electrical networks, observe their state by providing information on the currents in their branches (transmission lines) and voltages in their buses. Compared to other devices, PMUs have the capability of observing other nodes besides the ones they are placed on. Due to a set of observability rules, depending on the plac...