The exact rate of lymphomatous meningitis in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) is uncertain. In this prospective multicenter study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 116 immunocompetent patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL was evaluated. Lymphoma cells were found in 18.1%, protein elevation (>45 mg/dL) in 65%, and CSF pleocytosis (>5/microL) in 36% of patients. Pleocytosis correlated...

BACKGROUND Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) can cause Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with neurological complications, which may rapidly progress to fulminant cardiorespiratory failure, and death. Early recognition of children at risk is the key to reduce acute mortality and morbidity. METHODS We examined data collected through a prospective clinical study of HFMD conducted between 2000 and ...

Mulford et al. (5) recently investigated the correlation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte count and enteroviral reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results in cases of suspected meningitis. They found that CSF pleocytosis was absent in 30% of infants aged 2 months with a positive enteroviral RT-PCR result, compared with 2% of patients aged 2 months to 18 years and 0% of patients aged 18 y...

The most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis is the rat lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a parasite which is endemic in the South East Asian and Pacific regions. While the typical clinical presentation is that of meningitis associated with an eosinophilic pleocytosis, a 45 year old man presented with a radiculomyelopathy, associated with an eosinophilic pleocytosis and cerebrospinal f...

The most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis is the rat lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a parasite which is endemic in the South East Asian and Pacific regions. While the typical clinical presentation is that of meningitis associated with an eosinophilic pleocytosis, a 45 year old man presented with a radiculomyelopathy, associated with an eosinophilic pleocytosis and cerebrospinal f...

BACKGROUND Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings during acute cerebellar ataxia in cases of postinfectious cerebellitis are frequently normal. This has resulted in the use of other imaging modalities, such as single-photon emission computed tomography, to aid diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the chronologic occurrence of cerebellar ataxia, abnormal findings on MRI, and cerebral sp...

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of two assays, one bead-based assay and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the determination of CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Patients investigated for LNB were retrospectively included (n = 132): 35 with definite LNB, 8 with possible LNB with CSF pleocytosis but normal...

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of testing for and empirically treating herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in neonates with fever aged from birth to 28 days. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis. SETTING Decision model. PATIENTS Neonates with fever with no other symptoms and neonates with fever with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. INTERVEN...