String rewriting systems have proved very useful to study monoids. In good cases, they give finite presentations of monoids, allowing computations on those and their manipulation by a computer. Even better, when the presentation is confluent and terminating, they provide one with a notion of canonical representative of the elements of the presented monoid. Polygraphs are a higher-dimensional ge...

Srivastava and Maheshwari (Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems 13(1)(2016) 25-44) introduced a new divergence measure for intuitionisticfuzzy sets (IFSs). The properties of the proposed divergence measurewere studied and the efficiency of the proposed divergence measurein the context of medical diagnosis was also demonstrated. In thisnote, we point out some errors in ...

Cultural divergence is incongruity in the values, attitudes and behaviors among different generations of a society. Identifying factors related to cultural divergence in the social values ​​of parents and children is one of the most important issues in Iranian society, which has been investigated in the present research through a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study co...

Understanding the genetic basis of traits involved in adaptive divergence and speciation is one of the most fundamental objectives in evolutionary biology. Toward that end, we look for signatures of extreme plate loss in the genome of freshwater threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Plateless stickleback have been found in only a few lakes and streams across the world; they represen...

In this paper, near real time digital radiography system was implemented for the automatic verification of local errors between simulation plan and radiation therapy. Portal image could be acquired through video camera, image board and PC after therapy radiation was converted into light by a metal/fluorescent screen. Considering the divergence according to the distance between the source and th...

Flexural wave speeds on beams or plates depend upon the bending stiffnesses which differ by the well-known factor (1 - nu2). A quantitative analysis of a plate of finite lateral width displays the plate-to-beam transition, and permits asymptotic analysis that shows the leading order dependence on the width. Orthotropic plates are analyzed using both the Kirchhoff and Kirchhoff-Rayleigh theories...

Genes with major phenotypic effects facilitate quantifying the contribution of genetic vs. plastic effects to adaptive divergence. A classical example is Ectodysplasin (Eda), the major gene controlling lateral plate phenotype in three-spined stickleback. Completely plated marine stickleback populations evolved repeatedly towards low-plated freshwater populations, representing a prime example of...

Improved ranging accuracy is obtained by the development of a novel ultrasonic sensor ranging algorithm, unlike the conventional ranging algorithm, which considers the divergence angle and the incidence angle of the ultrasonic sensor synchronously. An ultrasonic sensor scanning method is developed based on this algorithm for the recognition of an inclined plate and to obtain the localization of...

In applications of differential geometry to problems of parametric inference, the notion of divergence is often used to measure the separation between two parametric densities. Among them, in this paper, we will verify measures such as Kullback-Leibler information, J-divergence, Hellinger distance, -Divergence, … and so on. Properties and results related to distance between probability d...