The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most polyphagous herbivores feeding on cell contents of over 1100 plant species including more than 150 crops. It is being established as a model for chelicerate herbivores with tools that enable tracking of reciprocal responses in plant-spider mite interactions. However, despite their important pest sta...

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), together with histology, is widely used to diagnose and to monitor treatment in oncology. Spatial correspondence between these modalities provides information about the ability of MRI to characterize cancerous tissue. However, registration is complicated by deformations during pathological processing, and differences in scale and information content....

A large-scale field experiment with different management options (free-range grazing, onetime cutting, additional disturbances and their interactions) was carried out in a continental, dry heathland. Within the framework of the experiment seed production and germination ability of over-aged Calluna individuals as well as specific safe site conditions were investigated to reveal restricting fact...

Among the various physical influencing factors with the potential to degrade the overall performance of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the propagation mechanisms in the channel between a satellite and the mobile receiver play a central role. Especially multipath propagation and signal shadowing may cause high ranging, and hence positioning, errors in current receivers. Although ne...

Perception of the body's outline and three-dimensional shape arises from visual cues such as shading, contour, perspective and texture. When a uniformly coloured prey animal is illuminated from above by sunlight, a shadow may be cast on the body, generating a brightness contrast between the dorsal and ventral surfaces. For animals such as caterpillars, which live among flat leaves, a difference...

Initialand final-state rescattering, neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions, predicting single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, the breakdown of the Lam Tung relation in DrellYan reactions, and nuclear shadowing and non-universal antishadowing—leading-twist physics not incorporated in th...