To survive, all organisms must sense and respond to information from their environment. This is true of many organisms, including plants, which need do the things that other while operating under limitations being sessile lacking a central nervous system. In this article, we explore how theory can apply plants briefly review types sources mechanisms use perceive We identify describe three prima...

Plants with clonal growth can produce multiple potentially independent units, termed ramets. Clonal have important ecological and evolutionary consequences, such as by increasing probability of reproduction, space monopolization, regeneration after injury; permitting physiological integration connected Although is widespread among species habitats, it has received relatively little attention in...

T he International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses recognized a global total of about 2,000 species of viruses as of 2005 [1]. However, data on viruses that infect terrestrial organisms, including plants, are sparse, and recent sequencing of samples from marine environments for viruses suggests that 2,000 is a gross underestimate of the total number of viral species on earth [2]. In addit...

8 1 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187, 9 Umeå, Sweden 10 2 Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE11 90187, Umeå, Sweden 12 3 Department of Ecology and Genetics: Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, 13 Uppsala, Sweden 14 4 Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science, Uppsala 15 Universit...

M. P. N. Gent, Department of Forestry and Horticulture, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven 06504; J. A. LaMondia, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor 06095; F. J. Ferrandino and W. H. Elmer, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven 06504; and K. A. Stoner, Dep...

Hans de Kroon*, Marloes Hendriks, Jasper van Ruijven, Janneke Ravenek, Francisco M. Padilla, Eelke Jongejans, Eric J. W. Visser and Liesje Mommer Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Net...