Fetal growth is a complex and dynamic process regulated by a large number of interactive factors of fetal, maternal, and placental origin. As a result, any abnormality of fetal growth has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. It has been estimated that about 50% of intrauterine fetal growth is determined by fetal genes. Maternal disease, her nutritional intake and behaviours, such as smoking, ...

Human implantation involves a major invasion of the uterine wall and complete remodelling of uterine arteries by extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCT). Abnormality in these early steps of placental development leads to poor placentation, fetal growth defects and is often associated with preeclampsia, a major and frequent complication of human pregnancy. To study the mechanisms that control troph...

OBJECTIVE To determine the leading causes of perinatal deaths and to evaluate any changes, with the inclusion of placental histology. METHOD At perinatal mortality meetings, primary and final causes of death were assigned for the period 1 July 2006 - 30 June 2007. All singleton babies born to women residing in the metropolitan area serviced by Tygerberg Hospital were included in the prospecti...

In order to contribute to the knowledge of type and frequency of chromosome abnormalities in early pregnancy losses, we analyzed the cytogenetic results from a large series of first trimester miscarriages, using a diagnostic approach with a high success rate and no maternal contamination. A total of 1,119 consecutive chorionic villi samples were obtained before evacuation, and karyotypes were p...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: placental abruption is one of the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy. multiple factors are known to be associated with increase of risk of placental abruption such as alcohol, cocaine use and cigarette smoking. the objective of this study was to identify risk factors for placental abruption in an iranian women population. ma...

ABSTRACT AIM: Stress can affect negatively mother and fetuses during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic immobilization stress on placental maturation fetal development.MATERİALS AND METHODS: Balb/c virgin female mice (20-30 g) were mated with male in a 2 1 ratio. Pregnant control group (n=6) left undisturbed, whereas pregnant exposed 45 min for three times/day starting fr...

background & aim: occupational exposures can cause problems such as reproductive system disorders; however, the effects of some exposures, such as psychological stress, have not been investigated yet. this study aims to investigate the effects of women’s psychological stress on obstetric disorders. methods:this historical cohort study was conducted on 1400 working women in mashhad, iran. data c...

A healthy placenta is critical for a healthy pregnancy. Conversely, abnormal placental structure and function is seen in conditions which are associated with stillbirth including: fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, placental abruption and obstetric cholestasis. Abnormalities can be seen ranging from a reduction in placental size in stillbirth to microscopic changes in placental villous arc...

Valproic acid (VPA ) is a well-known antiepileptic drug with a significant teratogenic effect when administered during pregnancy. To investigate the transplacental transport of VPA, we used an in vitro experiment of dual perfusion of a human placental cotyledon. Eighteen normal placentas at term were investigated; ten were treated with a therapeutic dose of VPA (initial level at maternal circul...