The detection of flaws in polymer materials like degradation areas in polymer pipelines in chemical industry, moisture distributions and delaminations in composites used in aircraft industry are today’s challenges of NDT of polymers. New imaging technologies based on electromagnetic waves at high frequencies from 0.05 to 2 THz are promising candidates for polymer testing in the next future. A v...

Nowadays, when the emphasis is on alternative means of energy, natural gas still used as an efficient and convenient fuel both in home (for heating buildings water, cooking, drying lighting) industry together with electricity. In industrial terms, one main sources electricity generation developed developing countries. Pipelines are most popular transporting domestically internationally. The rea...

This paper provides an explanation of the general principles of operation of the Intelligent Distributed Acoustic Sensing technology and focuses on the current areas of interest and applications of this technology within the industry. Currently the technology is mainly used for perimeter monitoring of utility assets and third party intervention monitoring on buried pipelines. In the oil & gas s...

The Companhia Siderúrgica Paulista – COSIPA is an integrated steel plant of the Usiminas System located in the municipality of Cubatão, in the coastal region of the São Paulo state, Brazil. This works produces 4.5 millions tons of steel per year; 1.0 million tons of this output are delivered as rolled plates, which meet a wide range of uses, such as those in agricultural implements, industrial ...

The joint general model of reliability and availability of complex technical systems in variable operation conditions linking a semi-markov modeling of the system operation processes with a multi-state approach to system reliability and availability analysis and linear programming considered in the paper Part 1 are applied in maritime industry to reliability, risk and availability optimization ...

Buried pipeline systems are commonly used to transport water, sewage, oil, natural gas and other materials. In the conterminous United States, there are about 77,109 km (47,924 miles) of crude oil pipelines, 85,461 km (53,114 miles) of refined oil pipelines and 67,898 km (42,199 miles) of natural gas pipelines (FEMA, 1991). The total length of water and sewage pipelines is not readily available...

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are widely used to monitor and control operations in electrical power distribution facilities, oil and gas pipelines, water distribution systems and sewage treatment plants. Technological advances over the past decade have seen these traditionally closed systems become open and Internet-connected, which puts the service infrastructures at...

gas hydrate formation in production and transmission pipelines and consequent plugging of these lines have been a major flow-assurance concern of the oil and gas industry for the last 75 years. gas hydrate formation rate is one of the most important topics related to the kinetics of the process of gas hydrate crystallization. the main purpose of this study is investigating phenomenon of gas hyd...

Hartmann’s procedure, first described by the French surgeon Henri Albert Hartmann in 1921, is one of the most commonly performed operations. This paper examines the history behind this operation and assesses its significance in modern surgical practice.