The diencephalon is a complex midline structure consisting of the hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, subthalamus, thalamus, epithalamus, and pineal body. Tumors arising from each these diencephalic components differ significantly in terms biology prognosis. aim this comprehensive review to describe epidemiology, clinical symptoms, imaging, histology, molecular markers context 2021 WHO classificatio...

The lizard Iguana iguana when kept in constant ambient temperature displays endogenously generated circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity. Although surgical removal of the parietal eye has only slight effects on overt circadian rhythmicity, subsequent pinealectomy completely abolishes the rhythm of body temperature. However, the rhythm of locomotor activity is only slightl...

Seventy Wistar rats are used to study the changes in pineal intercellular canaliculi over a 21-hour period and for two different photoperiods (pre-autumn, first week of September, and winter, first week of February). The study considers these changes at pineal body, cortical and medullar level separately, and compares the values obtained. The results show variations in canalicular surface at di...

A 49-year-old man presented with an extremely rare case of pineal parenchymal tumor with gangliocytic cells, manifesting as progressive gait disturbance and urinary incontinence lasting for one year. Brain MRI revealed a homogenously enhancing mass, measuring 3.5×2.7 ×1.7 cm, in the pineal body. The mass compressed the deep cerebral vein with superior displacement, which caused mild obstructive...

Reprint requests to: Dr. I-Hao Su Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. No. 5, Fu Hsing Street, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan, R.O.C. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, comprising up to half of al l primary brain tumors; however, primary GBM of the pineal region is extremely rare. To our...