the conversion process of heavy hydrocarbons to the valuable products such as gasoline is an important operation in the oil refineries.one important process is the “fluidized catalytic cracking” (fcc).feed injection in fcc process has an important role in the selectivity and properties of the products.performance of the feed injection system is dependent on the atomizers.the size and contributi...

introduction water scarcity has led to the search for alternative water resources. one solution is the recycling of wastewater for irrigation. wastewater treatment is often based on biological systems such as activated sludge or other engineered units in urban areas. in rural areas, low-cost, environmentally-friendly alternative treatments such as constructed wetlands (cw), are more common. cws...

The hardware architecture and the software development of a real-time knowledge-based distributed control system for the supervision of a wastewater treatment pilot plant are presented. The operation scheme is based on an A2/O system (anaerobic, anoxic, oxic) and includes organic matter removal, nitrification/denitrification, and Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal (EBPR). The hardware arch...