Here we report the remarkable anatomy of the eye of the Eastern Pale Clouded yellow butterfly, Colias erate. An ommatidium of C. erate bears nine photoreceptors, R1–9, which together form a tiered and fused rhabdom. The distal tier of the rhabdom consists of the rhabdomeral microvilli of R1–4 photoreceptors, R5–8 photoreceptors contribute the proximal tier, and the R9 photoreceptor adds a few m...

Analogous to protans, the two types of deutan color-defectives-the dichromats (deuteranopes) and the anomalous trichromats (deuteranomalous)-do not differ in spectral sensitivity in the red-green range at threshold (either in the dark or against bright colored backgrounds). However, luminosity curves obtained by heterochromatic brightness matching show the latter to be slightly more sensitive i...

Here we report the remarkable anatomy of the eye of the Eastern Pale Clouded yellow butterfly, Colias erate. An ommatidium of C. erate bears nine photoreceptors, R1-9, which together form a tiered and fused rhabdom. The distal tier of the rhabdom consists of the rhabdomeral microvilli of R1-4 photoreceptors, R5-8 photoreceptors contribute the proximal tier, and the R9 photoreceptor adds a few m...

Pigment spread is the natural or experimentally procured (through grafting) progressive encroachment of pigmentation from black or red skin areas into juxtaposed white skin areas, or from black skin areas into red skin areas in spotted guinea pigs and other mammals. So far as spread from black into white skin is concerned, it had previously been shown that migration of epidermal melanocytes int...

the present study is designed to evaluate the application of a simple method for rapid identification of malassezia furfur among other malassezia spp. based on production of a brownish-red pigment and its diffusion into the medium containing l-tryptophan as a sigle source of nitrogen.  91 strains of malassezia (20% m. furfur , 2% m. sympodialis , 5% m. obtosa and 73% m. globosa ) isolated from ...

The chemical-mineralogical characterization of rupestrian paintings in red, white, black and yellow colors, which decorate the rocky walls from archaeological sites Ema Furna dos Índios (Inhuma, Piauí, Brazil) was performed. chemical analyses were performed situ by non-invasive analytical technique X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) as well laboratory using a non-destructive approach, withou...

To analyze the human red, green, and red-green hybrid cone pigments in vivo, we studied 41 male dichromats, each of whose X chromosome carries only a single visual pigment gene (single-gene dichromats). This simplified arrangement avoids the difficulties of complex opsin gene arrays and overlapping cone spectral sensitivities present in trichromats and of multiple genes encoding identical or ne...

The present study describes the red pigment synthesized by the filamentous fungi Isaria farinosa under submerged culture conditions. The pigment production was optimal under the following conditions: pH 5, agitation speed 150 rpm, temperature 27 °C, incubation time 192 h, light source total darkness, sucrose and glucose as carbon source, yeast extract, meat peptone and monosodium glutamate at a...

Primate color vision is based on two to three cone types in the retina, each expressing a different class of visual pigment, making them the only mammals that possess trichromacy. These pigment classes are the short wavelength-sensitive (SWS1) pigment and the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) pigment, orthologues of the same pigments found in many other vertebrates, as well as the middle waveleng...

Sir: As part of a broad program on the genetics of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)1), RUDD and HOPWOOD2) carried out genetic studies on a nondiffusible red mycelial pigment produced by this organism. By UV irradiation of strain B18, a mutant blocked in the synthesis of the diffusible pigment actinorhodin3), they obtained a series of redmutants. These all mapped in a narrow region of the chromosom...