Lateral cephalogram X-ray (LCX) images are essential to provide patientspecific morphological information of anatomical structures. The automatic annotation of anatomical structures in cephalograms has been performed in the biomedical engineering for nearly twenty years. Most systems only handle a portion of salient craniofacial landmark set [1, 2, 3]. Although model-based methods can produce a...

Global studies from around the world have shown that tobacco is a leading preventable cause of death, killing nearly six million people worldwide each year of which nearly one sixth are from India. Informing about the harm of tobacco use through large and colorful pictorial warnings on tobacco products are an effective way of communicating the deleterious effects of tobacco to the consumers and...

This article presents the design and evaluation of novel types of pictorial scales for assessing emotional response based on LEGO Minifigures. We describe the creation of two pictorial scales (LEGO Face Scale and Stylized LEGO Face Scale) through the use of a semi-automatic process. We report on the results of two evaluation studies conducted to assess the validity of the proposed pictorial sca...

Verbo-pictorial humor advertisement induces deeper thinking and invokes the feeling of amusement. Present study aimed to investigate the influence of types of verbo-pictorial ads and humor by the analysis of eye movement. Participants were 67 undergraduates, experimental design was 2 (advertisement type: humor and literality) [U+F0CD] 2 (stimulus type: slogan and pictorial information) within-s...

OBJECTIVE To develop and assess the psychometric properties of a pictorial version of the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). METHODS A pictorial PAQLQ was administered to 101 children with mild to severe asthma between 5 and 7 years of age. A subgroup of 48 children followed longitudinally completed the established version of the PAQLQ. RESULTS A confirmatory factor ana...

In this paper, we outline the creation of an engaging and intuitive pictorial language as an interaction modality to be used by school children aged 9 to 11 years to interact with virtual characters in a cultural learning environment. Interaction takes place on a touch screen tablet computer linked to a desktop computer on which the characters are displayed. To investigate the benefit of such a...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three different screen sizes (small, medium and large) and two types of multimedia instruction (text only and text with pictorial annotation) on vocabulary learning. One hundred thirty-five Korean middle school students learning English as a foreign language were randomly distributed into six groups and were given a pretest, a self-s...