As many as two-thirds of individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also have language impairments, which can range from mild limitations to complete non-verbal behavior. For such cases, there are several Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices available. These are computer-designed tools in order to help people with ASD to palliate or overcome such limitations, at leas...

This paper reports an eye-tracking experiment conducted to compare alternative representations of directories typically shown on web pages. The experiment simulated a directory-based information search task to understand how it is performed when directories are represented in text, labeled pictograms, or unlabeled pictograms. Twenty-one hard-ofhearing and 21 hearing participants were asked to s...

For certain disable persons unable to communicate, we present a palliative aid which consist of a virtual pictographic keyboard associated to a text processing from a pictographic scripture. Words and the grammar are given as pictograms. The pictographic lexicon must be organized following the mental lexicon of the user to propose the pictograms of grammar in order to facilitate his task of wri...

This paper reports two experiments conducted to investigate the utility of pictograms for improving usability of web pages for hard-of-hearing persons. The first experiment simulated a directory-based information search task, typically carried out at portal sites, to understand how the task is performed when directories are represented in text form. Sixteen hard-ofhearing and sixteen hearing pa...

ON THE USE OF PICTOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS IN POP-CULTURAL SHORT TEXTS EXAMPLE HEART PICTOGRAM
 The article focuses on the use of pictographic elements in short texts pop-culture based example heart pictogram utterances which are built according to pattern: ‘I ♥ ...’. It addresses two basic aspects its use. first one is fact combining different semiotic codes: language and an iconic code sentence...

This paper studies the patterns of cultural differences observed in pictogram interpretation. We conducted a 14-month online survey in the U.S. and Japan to ask the meaning of 120 pictograms used in a pictogram communication system. A total of 935 respondents in the U.S. and 543 respondents in Japan participated in the survey to submit pictogram interpretations which added up to compose an aver...

Variable message signs (VMS) are used to display messages providing up-to-date traffic-relevant information so that drivers can safely adapt their behavior in real time. The reported a VMS should be brief but comprehensive minimize perception latter influenced by the way is displayed. This study investigates how different ways of displaying same influence reading time and process at driving spe...

Written information to promote patient education is being increasingly recognized as an integral part of quality health care. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of distributing a patient information leaflet (PIL) on knowledge acquisition and recall. Two different PILs were designed for co-trimoxazole tablets: a simple, shorter PIL that incorporated pictograms and text a...