Expression of nuclear-encoded plastid proteins and import of those proteins into plastids are indispensable for plastid biogenesis. One possible cellular mechanism that coordinates these two essential processes is retrograde signaling from plastids to the nucleus. However, the molecular details of how this signaling occurs remain elusive. Using the plastid protein import2 mutant of Arabidopsis ...

Target of rapamycin (TOR) acts as a master regulator to control cell growth by integrating nutrient, energy, and growth factors in all eukaryotic species. TOR plays an evolutionarily conserved role in regulating the transcription of genes associated with anabolic and catabolic processes in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the functions of TOR in photosynthesis and phytohormone signaling, ...

Nitrogen is a major limiting factor for crop productivity. The relationship between photosynthesis and nitrogen nutrition has been widely studied. However, the molecular response of leaf photosynthesis to low nitrogen supply in crops is less clear. In this study, RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) was used to investigate the gene expressions related to photosynthesis in maize in response to lo...

Fenlong-ridging (FL) is a new type of conservation tillage. In many crops, FL increases crop yield and quality; however, the cytology molecular mechanisms crops under not completely understood. This study investigated soil physical chemical properties conventional tillage (CK) during 2018–2019 (plant cane) 2019–2022 (first stubble), analyzed agronomic trait, physiology, leaf anatomical structur...

Dopamine (DA), a kind of neurotransmitter in animals, has been proven to cause positive influence on plants during abiotic stress. In the present study, function DA under cadmium (Cd) stress was revealed. The yellowing duckweed leaves Cd could be alleviated by an exogenous (10/20/50/100/200 μM) supplement, and 50 μM optimal concentration resist reducing root breakage, restoring photosynthesis c...

Cotton is sensitive to waterlogging stress, which usually results in stunted growth and yield loss. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses to waterlogging in cotton remain elusive. Cotton was grown in a rain-shelter and subjected to 0 (control)-, 10-, 15- and 20-d waterlogging at flowering stage. The fourth-leaves on the main-stem from the top were sampled and immediately fr...

osmotic stress is one of the major factors that significantly reduce yields in dry areas. plants respond to this abiotic stress at physiological and molecular levels. many genes are induced under stress conditions by transcription factors. dehydration responsive element binding (dreb) protein is a subfamily of ap2/erf transcription factors which control expression of many osmotic stress-inducib...

Photosynthesis is a crucial biological process that depends on the interplay of many components. This work analyzed the gene targets for 4 transcription factors: FnrL, PrrA, CrpK and MppG (RSP_2888), which are known or predicted to control photosynthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) identified 52 operons under direct...

C(4) photosynthesis is a series of biochemical and structural modifications to C(3) photosynthesis that has evolved numerous times in flowering plants, despite requiring modification of up to hundreds of genes. To study the origin of C(4) photosynthesis, we reconstructed and dated the phylogeny of Molluginaceae, and identified C(4) taxa in the family. Two C(4) species, and three clades with tra...

Oat is an annual gramineous forage grass with the remarkable ability to survive under various stressful environments. However, understanding effects of high altitude stresses on oats poor. Therefore, physiological and transcriptomic changes were analyzed at two sites different altitudes, low (ca. 2,080 m) or 2,918 m), respectively. Higher levels antioxidant enzyme activity, reactive oxygen majo...