the monte carlo method can be used to describe any technique that approximates solutions to quantitative problems through statistical sampling. this method is considered to be the most accurate method for dose calculation in radiotherapy. for complete modeling of a linear accelerator, it is required that the manufactured information covers all data, but some data such as primary electron energy...

objective(s): in this study we evaluate the impact of the different aspects of gold nano-particles (gnps) on the target absorptive dose enhancement factor (def) during external targeted radiotherapy with photon beams ranging from kilovolt to megavolt energies using monte carlo simulation. methods: we have simulated the interaction of photon beams with various energies of radiation using water s...

The secondary positron beams produced by linear electron accelerators are used in scattering experiments with stationary targets, in electron-positron colliding beam experiments, and in the production of annihilation photon beams : they now approach primary electron beams in their energy, intensity, and range of application. (To be published in physics Today) Work supported by the U.S. Atomic E...

Introduction: This study aimed to measure the neutron contamination of flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) 10-MV photon beams delivered by the Elekta InfinityTM accelerator. Material and Methods: The photoneutron spectrum produced by the Linac head was evaluated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The geometry ...

background: the purpose of this work is to discover and analyze errors and incidents in some radiotherapy centers, and to introduce methods that could reduce their occurrences, especially those which had happened due to the use of improper and inadequate equipment. this work is a first step toward clarifying the role of education in a risk-conscious culture, and changing the attitude of radioth...

Introduction: In the last few decades, a lot of monte carlo codes have been introduced for medical applications. this is important because through simulation, we are fully independent of the spectral scattering factor that we are not able measure in real terms. The effect of the radiation energy, the dimension of the radiation field, the sensitive volume of the ion chamber on t...

Introduction Magnetic fields are capable of altering the trajectory of electron beams andcan be used in radiation therapy.Theaim of this study was to produce regions with dose enhancement and reduction in the medium. Materials and Methods The NdFeB permanent magnets were arranged on the electron applicator in several configurations. Then, after the passage of the electron beams (9 and 15 MeV Va...

Introduction: Radiotherapy plays a vital role in cancer treatment. To establish a new potency in radiosensitize tumor cells, delivery of High-Z materials is offered. To date, several simulation geometries have been applied to define simulation sets. The clustering of nanoparticles (NPs) within the cells is a prominent parameter usually ignored in simulation studies. <stro...

Introduction: Craniospinal radiotherapy is a therapeutic technique for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, which requires meticulous attention to technique and dosimetry.Treatment planning system (TPS) is one of the main equipment in radiotherapy; therefore, the evaluation of its accuracy is essential for dose calculation. The present study evaluates the validity of Isogray TPS in craniospinal...