Purpose: To investigate the energy dependence/spectral sensitivity of silicon diodes designed for small-field dosimetry and obtain response factors (RFs) for arbitrary photon spectra using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.   Methods: The EGSnrc user-code DOSRZnrc was used to calculate the dose deposition in water and in the active volume of a stereotactic diode f...

human body consists of some tissues among which bone is one of the important living and growing tissue . in this research, energy absorption buildup factor (eabf) values of 27 types of bone have been computed for photon energy 0.03 to 1.5 mev up to 40 mean free path (40mfp) penetration depths. the inner bone tissue, spongiosa and male sternum had the largest values of eabf in low photon energie...

background: monte carlo method (mc) has played an important role in design and optimization of medical linacs head and beam modeling. the purpose of this study was to compare photon beam features of two commercial linacs, varian 21ex and elekta sl-25 using mcnp4c mc code. materials and methods: the 6mv photon beams of varian 21ex and elekta sl-25 linacs were simulated based on manufacturers pro...

background: the presence of a wedge filter in the beam trajectory can modify the beam quality and cause some changes in the dosimetry parameters which are usually difficult to be measured directly and accurately. material and methods: in this study the mcnp-4c monte carlo code was used to simulate the 9 mv photon beam generated by a linear accelerator. upon getting a good agreement between the ...

the aim of present study was to prepare gelatin nanoparticle for drug and gene delivery applications. these nanoparticles were prepared by two-step desolvation method. the body distribution of colloidal drug delivery systems was mainly influenced by two physicochemical properties namely particle size and surface characteristics. the influence of several factors on the fabrication process includ...

introduction: osteoporosis is a bone disease in which there is a reduction in the amount of bone mineral content leading to an increase in the risk of bone fractures. the affected individuals not only have to go through lots of pain and suffering but this disease also results in high economic costs to the society due to a large number of fractures.  a timely and accurate diagnosis of this disea...

In the present study, temporal behavior of entanglement between photonic binomial distributions and a two-level atom in a leaky cavity, in equilibrium with the environment at a temperature T, is studied. In this regard, the master equation is solved in the secular approximation for the density matrix, when the initial photonic distribution is binomial, while the atomic states obey the Boltzmann...