This review presents an overall discussion on the morphology analysis and optimization for perovskite (PVSK) solar cells. Surface morphology and energy alignment have been proven to play a dominant role in determining the device performance. The effect of the key parameters such as solution condition and preparation atmosphere on the crystallization of PVSK, the characterization of surface morp...

The reactive interaction of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMP][TFSA] with Cu(111) was investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Decomposition between 300 K and 350 K is manifested by changes in the surface structure monitored with STM. XPS reveals th...

This work describes various combinations of cleaning methods involved in the preparation of Ni-5% W substrates for the deposition of buffer layers using water-based solvents. The substrate has been studied for its surface properties using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contaminants in the substrates have been quantified and the appropriate cleaning method was chosen in terms of con...

Articles you may be interested in Comment on " Photoelectron angular distributions as a probe of alignment in a polyatomic molecule: Picosecond time-and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of S1 p-difluorobenzene " [J. Coherent polyatomic dynamics studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: Dissociation of vibrationally excited C S 2 in the 6 s and 4 d Rydberg states ...

Using optical spectroscopy with a derivative technique, we find for the high Tc cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) evidence for a new high energy scale at 900 meV beyond the two previously well-known ones at roughly 50 and 400 meV. The intermediate scale at 400 meV has recently been seen in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments along the nodal direction as a large kink. In YB...

Photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure and chemical bonding of Si5(-) and Si5(2-) in NaSi5(-). Photoelectron spectra of Si5(-) and NaSi5(-) are obtained at several photon energies and are compared with theoretical calculations at four different levels of theory, TD-B3LYP, R(U)OVGF, UCCSD(T), and EOM-CCSD(T), all with 6-311+G(2df) b...

The adsorption of terephthalic acid molecules [C(6)H(4)(COOH)(2)), TPA] on a single layer of graphene grown epitaxially on Ni(111) has been investigated by means of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at room temperature. The assignment of the NEXAFS resonances was aided by ab initio calculations for the free TPA molecule. F...