Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disease that is associated with pulsating head pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia and sometimes visual sensory disturbances. Because of its role in nitric oxide regulation and interleukin release, apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been suggested to play a role in the migraine pathogenesis pathway. This study evaluated the potential ...

Background: Migraine is a most common, progressive and sometimes incapacitating disorder. Symptoms of migraine may include nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light), phonophobia sound) usually short period visual disruption occur. Objective: To find the prevalence among headache patient in Muzaffarabad. Methods: Cross-sectional study design, 700 patients with were recruited measured ...

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics of cluster headache in women. Cluster headache is a disorder of men (male to female ratio 6-7:1). METHODS Retrospective chart review to identify all women diagnosed with cluster headache at an academic headache centre from January 1995 through July 1998. RESULTS Thirty two women and 69 men were identified. The mean age of onset of cluster head...

INTRODUCTION Hypnic headache is a rare primary headache. The diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Classification (IHS) for this condition are discussed, as they have been modified in the new edition of the 2013. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinical characteristics, and fulfilment of the criteria of the IHS classification in a series of 10patients diagnosed in our Headaches Clinic, a...

Magnesium sulphate has been used in the acute treatment of migraines; some studies found it to be a highly effective medication in the acute control of migraine pain and associated symptoms. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assesses the effect of magnesium sulphate on the pain and associated symptoms in patients with migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Sixty pat...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous allodynia (CA) is a common feature of migraine, which has a complex underlying pathophysiology that is not well understood. In addition to pain, photophobia, phonophobia, osmophobia, nausea, and vomiting, CA can contribute to the overall disability caused by migraine. The presence of CA can be established via a validated questionnaire. Validated questionnaires and other tes...

This article reviews information on some auditory disorders that have in common a disturbance in loudness perception. The perceptual disturbances in these disorders have interchangeably been labeled "hyperacusis," "dysacusis," or "phonophobia." Our question concerns whether the loudness disturbances associated with these auditory disorders are sufficiently different as not to justify the equiva...

Case presentation: A 12-year-old female patient presents a 5-day history of fever and severe frontal occipital headache associated with vomiting, nocturnal awakenings, vertigo, phonophobia. She evolved dysarthria, decreased level consciousness, left hemiparesis followed by systemic arterial hypertension, bradycardia 8 episodes focal seizures. On neurological examination, she was alert, lucid, o...

Background: Migraine is manifested by recurrent headache attacks, with variable characteristics and associated symptoms. Oral beta blockers are widely used to prevent reduce the frequency these attacks. However, use of topical for acute treatment still controversial. Aims: In this randomized double – armed study, we aim compare efficacy Timolol 0.5% eyedrops compared other over-the-counter (OTC...