General perception about the colonial state to have impinged only upon the political and economic aspects of the colony is not the whole truth. The author scrutinizes the question of identity and the process of transformation it went through primarily because of the preference accorded to Urdu over the native Punjabi. He therefore interrogates Partha Chatterjee’s postulate of ‘inner domain’ or ...

Urdu is morphologically rich language with different nature of its characters. Urdu text tokenization and sentence boundary disambiguation is difficult as compared to the language like English. Major hurdle for tokenization is improper use of space between words, where as absence of case discrimination makes the sentence boundary detection a difficult task. In this paper some issues regarding b...

Multiple cross language WordNets such as Euro WordNet (EWN), Multi WordNet, Asian WordNet and Indo WordNet, have been developed that involve mapping Princeton WordNet (PWN) with the respective language WordNet [1,2,3,4,5]. Majority of these projects have employed the transfer-and-merge method developed during the construction of Euro WordNet for WordNet linkage. This paper discusses the process...

This work presents the development of the URDU.KON-TB treebank, its annotation evaluation & guidelines and the construction of the Urdu parser for a South Asian language Urdu. Urdu is comparatively an under-resourced language and the development of a reliable treebank and a parser will have significant impact on the state-of-the-art for automatic Urdu language processing. The work includes the ...

Abstract This study describes a Natural Language Processing (NLP) toolkit, as the first contribution of larger project, for an under-resourced language—Urdu. In previous studies, standard NLP toolkits have been developed English and many other languages. There is also dire need text processing tools methods Urdu, despite it being widely spoken in different parts world with large amount digital ...

Automatic recognition of cursive handwritten script remains a challenging problem even with the promising improvement in classifier and computational power. Segmentation based approach for recognition of handwritten Urdu script has considerable computational overhead and has lower accuracy as compared to Roman and Chinese script due to additional segmentation error. Presence of complimentary ch...

Stemming is a procedure that conflates morphologically related terms into a single term without doing complete morphological analysis. Urdu language raises several challenges to Natural Language Processing (NLP) largely due to its rich morphology. The core tool of information retrieval (IR) is a Stemmer which reduces a word to its stem form. Due to the diverse nature of Urdu, developing its ste...

State-of-the-art speech recognition systems rely heavily on three basic components: an acoustic model, a pronunciation lexicon and a language model. To build these components, a researcher needs linguistic as well as technical expertise, which is a barrier in lowresource domains. Techniques to construct these three components without having expert domain knowledge are in great demand. Urdu, des...

Word Segmentation is the foremost obligatory task in almost all the NLP applications, where the initial phase requires tokenization of input into words. Like other Asian languages such as Chinese, Thai and Myanmar, Urdu also faces word segmentation challenges. Though the Urdu word segmentation problem is not as severe as the other Asian language, since space is used for word delimitation, but t...