introduction: the process of wound healing sets in motion a complex and dynamic series of events, which includes the remodeling of the extracellular matrix degradation of matrix proteins, predominantly collagen fibers, mediated by matrix metalloproteinase (mmps). our aim was to demonstrate whether fibroblasts derived from various strains of human fetal foreskin (fs) and adult skin (as), when cu...

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) are strongly implicated in cancer dissemination. Intermediate states, arising from inter-conversion between epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) states, are characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity combining E and M features and increased plasticity. Hybrid EMT states are highly relevant in metastatic contexts, but have been largely neglected, partiall...

The "white-opaque" transition in Candida albicans was discovered in 1987. For the next fifteen years, a significant body of knowledge accumulated that included differences between the cell types in gene expression, cellular architecture and virulence in cutaneous and systemic mouse models. However, it was not until 2002 that we began to understand the role of switching in the life history of th...

A new phenotypic test, called the Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM), was developed to detect carbapenemase activity in Gram-negative rods within eight hours. This method showed high concordance with results obtained by PCR to detect genes coding for the carbapenemases KPC, NDM, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and OXA-23. It allows reliable detection of carbapenemase activity encoded by various genes in spe...

Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS), which is defined by a deletion within 22q13, demonstrates significant phenotypic variation. Given that six mitochondrial genes are located within 22q13, including complex I and IV genes, we hypothesize that mitochondrial complex activity abnormalities may explain phenotypic variation in PMS symptoms. Complex I, II, II + III and IV activity was measured in 51 PMS ...

Trade-offs between life-history variables can be manifested at either the phenotypic or genetic level, with vastly different evolutionary consequences. Here, we examined whether male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) from eight inbred lines and the outbred founder population from which they were derived, trade-off immune effort [lytic activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity or encapsulati...

introduction: nocardia is saprophytic soil bacterium of the actinomycetes families. nocardia has high diversity of species and due to species diversity of nocardia, phenotypic tests are essential for early identification of nocardia species. methods: 155 soil samples from different regions of north khorasan province in iran were collected, including: urban and rural areas. isolation of nocardia...

Phenotypic switching has been observed in laboratory studies of yeast and bacteria, in which the rate of such switching appears to adjust to match the frequency of environmental changes. Among possible mechanisms of switching are epigenetic influences on gene expression and variation in levels of methylation; thus environmental and/or genetic factors may contribute to the rate of switching. Mos...

Exogenous RNAs alter interspecifically the transmission of signals in organisms by regulating expression their genes. This process leads to phenotypic cellular changes, thus representing a possible new tactic for treatment various diseases. are promising approach creation fundamentally class drugs or biologically active additives (for plant exogenous RNAs) with pharmacological activity and mini...