OBJECTIVE To locate the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) in the cochlea of three different species and to modulate the ototoxicity of cisplatin in the guinea pig by pretreatment with phenformin, having a known affinity for OCT2. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical and in vivo study. METHODS Sections from the auditory end organs were subjected to immunohistochemical staining in order to iden...

Previously published results of phenformin 4-hydroxylation in 195 unrelated white British volunteers and 87 family members of 27 randomly selected probands have been subjected to genetic analysis. The results clearly show that about 9% of this population has a genetically determined defect in carrying out this oxidation reaction. The character for the defect is inherited in a Mendelian autosoma...

Since 1956 biguanides have received attention as oral hypoglycaemic agents (Krall and Bradley, 1959). Ungar, Madison, and Carter (1960), using phenformin (Dibotin, phenethyl biguanide), showed their effect on peripheral utilization of glucose, Butterfield, Fry, and Holling (1958) having previously demonstrated increased uptake of insulin in hepatic and peripheral tissues. Since then the drug ha...

Introduction Lactic acidosis, first described by Clausen (1925), is most frequently seen accompanying hypotension and impaired tissue perfusion, but has been reported in association with many other conditions such as phenformin therapy, non-ketotic diabetic acidosis, ethanol ingestion and glycogen storage disease (Oliva, 1970; Lancet, 1973). Recently, an association was suggested between non-ke...

Sixteen patients with idiopathic recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis were shown to have a defect of blood and tissue fibrinolytic activity. After six months' treatment with stanozolol their mean dilute blood clot lysis time and plasma fibrinogen fell significantly and the mean fibrin plate lysis area increased. Attacks of thrombophlebitis stopped completely in 13 patients, though five patien...

An investigation into B(12) absorption in diabetic patients on long-term phenformin therapy was undertaken and the results were compared to a similar investigation previously reported in diabetics on long-term metformin. Forty-six per cent of patients were found to have B(12) malabsorption as shown by abnormal results of Schilling tests.The mechanism of B(12) malabsorption is unknown but it is ...