The present study was designed to develop a simple, validated liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of azithromycin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using ultraviolet detector. The best stationary phase was determined as C18 column, 5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm. Mobile phase was optimized to obtain a fast and selective separation of the drug. Flow rate was 1.5 mL/min, Wavelength was se...

The present study was designed to develop a simple, validated liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of azithromycin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using ultraviolet detector. The best stationary phase was determined as C18 column, 5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm. Mobile phase was optimized to obtain a fast and selective separation of the drug. Flow rate was 1.5 mL/min, Wavelength was se...

the present study was designed to develop a simple, validated liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of azithromycin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using ultraviolet detector. the best stationary phase was determined as c18 column, 5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm. mobile phase was optimized to obtain a fast and selective separation of the drug. flow rate was 1.5 ml/min, wavelength was se...

In this paper a new phase-frequency detector is proposed using transmission gates which can detect phase difference less than 500ps. In other word, the proposed Phase-frequency Detector (PFD) can work in frequencies higher than 1.7 GHz, whereas a conventional PFD operates at frequencies less than 1.1 GHz. This new architecture is designed in TSMC 0.13um CMOS Technology. Also, the proposed PFD a...

This letter proposes a mm-wave fractional-N reference-oversampling (ROS) ADPLL for 5G applications utilizing relatively low but standard reference frequency. The 4× ROS phase detector (PD) increases the detection rate in power-efficient manner order to reduce in-band noise contributed from PD. improves overall FoM and locking speed. A class-F3 oscillator generates both 10 GHz its third harmonic...

Techniques are proposed to dramatically reduce the impact of quantization noise in fractional-N synthesizers, thereby improving the existing tradeoff between phase noise and bandwidth that exists in these systems. The key innovation is the introduction of new techniques to overcome nonidealities in a phase-frequency detector (PFD)/digital-to-analog converter (DAC) structure, which combines the ...

For high speed application, jitter is a problem to communication system, as it reduces the performance of overall circuitry. As jitter is a type of corruption that cannot be eliminated, reducing jitter is one way to help to improve the system performance. In this paper, we introduce some ways to reduce the jitter in phase-locked loop. Introduction Phase-Locked Loop, PLL, is widely used among th...

A photon detector combining the two avalanche photon diodes (APD) has been demonstrated for qubit discrimination in 1550 nm. Spikes accompanied with the signals in gated-mode were canceled by balanced output from the two APDs. The spike cancellation enabled one to reduce the threshold in the discriminators, and thus the gate pulse voltage. The dark count probability and afterpulse probability w...