changes are inevitable in construction projects. they could lead to disruptive impacts on the quality, schedule and budget of projects. identifying changes and anticipating their consequences can help project teams mitigate these negative impacts. as a result, a change process model has been defined to improve this procedure. at first the present paper the defines some of the key terms in this ...

I. Abstract and Intro The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, it proves that temperature-based sampling algorithms (specifically simulated tempering and swapping), which have successfully been used to sample bimodal distributions such as the low-temperature mean-field Ising model, can fail to converge rapidly on the more general Potts model. This is due to the nature of the phase change w...

The process of type II second-harmonic generation has been investigated theoretically. It is found that, unlike in the process of type I second-harmonic generation, phase matching is not necessary for a significant shift of the pump wave phase to be produced. The simple inequality of the intensities of interacting waves suffices for this effect to occur.

........................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER

A geographical representation of the amplitude and phase distribution of the solar sernicliurilal pressure oscillation over North America shows clearly the amphidromic point expected here because of the superposition of the traveling and standing semidiurnal waves. It indicates also certain peculiarities in the phase :~nd amplitude distribution which may bc due t o orogritphic and coastal influ...

The role of the liquid-crystal layer in the phase-shifting shearing interferometer that was proposed by Griffin [Opt. Lett. 26, 140 (2001)] is analyzed. An extra voltage-dependent phase difference is produced when the phase retarder is oriented at an angle from the optical axis of the laser beam such that the interferogram will not repeat itself after a 2pi phase change of the liquid-crystal re...

The effect of rapid phase change on chirped continuum pulses is studied with a frequency-domain interferometer. Because of the chirp, temporal evolution of the optical Kerr response in CS(2) is projected into difference phase spectra. The chirped continuum shows spectral shifts that are due to induced phase modulation even when the continuum has a flat spectrum.

organizational culture has a significant influence on the success of organizations. culture determines the kinds of responses that the organization makes to required changes and will make to new problems. it can help predict how well the organization will deal with change. one of these changes is a knowledge management project. knowledge is viewed as a driver in the definition and development o...