Prediction accuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters is often assessed using prediction fold error, i.e., being within 2-, 3-, or n-fold of observed values. However, published studies disagree on which fold error represents an accurate prediction. In addition, "observed data" from only one clinical study are often used as the gold standard for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) studies, des...

The pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported ranitidine hydrochloride tablets (Ranitidine, formulated and manufactured by Kharazmi Pharmaceuticals, Iran, and Zantac ? manufactured by Glaxo, UK) were measured in 14 healthy subjects following oral administration of a single 300-mg dose of each brand and compared for bioequivalence evaluation. The pharmaceutical equivalency of both fo...

The pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported ranitidine hydrochloride tablets (Ranitidine, formulated and manufactured by Kharazmi Pharmaceuticals, Iran, and Zantac ? manufactured by Glaxo, UK) were measured in 14 healthy subjects following oral administration of a single 300-mg dose of each brand and compared for bioequivalence evaluation. The pharmaceutical equivalency of both fo...

objective(s): the purpose of the current study was to assess the feasibility of microspheres from biocompatible polymer for oral bioavailability (ba) enhancement of potent sulfonamide- type loop diuretic- furosemide - which used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, caused edema, cirrhosis, renal disease and as an adjunct in acute pulmonary edema. the comparatively poor and inconstant b...

a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms) method for the estimation of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma. detection of analytes was achieved by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (esi) interface in positive ion mode was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode. sample pretreatment involved in a one-step protein precipitat...

imatinib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor which inhibits the bcr-abl protein-tyrosine kinase with high selectivity. imatinib is rapidly absorbed from the gut, after oral intake and has an almost absolute bioavailability of 98%. the metabolism of imatinib is mediated by the cytochrome p450 (cyp) isoenzymes in the liver and gut wall. cgp74588 is a major active metabolite of ima...

the pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid when used alone or in combination may be different and show interaction between these two agents that might decrease the absolute bioavailability of clavulanic acid. in an open, randomized, replicated latin square under fasting condition, pharmacokinetics of new formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were compared with a ref...

We extend the nonstandard finite difference method of solution to the study of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. Pharmacokinetic (PK) models are commonly used to predict drug concentrations that drive controlled intravenous (I.V.) transfers (or infusion and oral transfers) while pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PD) interaction models are used to provide predictions of drug concentrati...