Reducing xylitol formation is necessary in engineering xylose utilization in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol production through xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase pathway. To balance the expression of XYL1 and mutant XYL2 encoding xylose reductase (XR) and NADP(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively, we utilized a strategy combining chassis selection and dir...

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients if not diagnosed early. Long-term use of central venous catheters a predisposing factor for IC. Hyphal forms Candida albicans (the major etiological agent IC) are related to invasion host tissues. The secreted proteins hyphae involved virulence, interaction, immune response, evasion. To identify I...

3′ Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) has been an invaluable tool for molecular biologists since its inception (1). This method and the subsequent method of 3′ RACE walking (2) enable the simple and effective amplification of 3′ flanking cDNA sequence in a ligation-independent manner (3). However, despite their capacity for the suppression of nonspecific PCR products (4), they remain essen...

Isolation and culture of both embryonic and tissue specific stem cells provide an enormous opportunity to study the molecular processes driving development. To gain insight into the initial events underpinning mammalian embryogenesis, pluripotent stem cells from each of the three distinct lineages present within the preimplantation blastocyst have been derived. Embryonic (ES), trophectoderm (TS...

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) catalyzes an important ATP-generating step in glycolysis. PGK1 deficiency is an uncommon X-linked inherited disorder, generally characterized by various combinations of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia, neurological dysfunctions, and myopathies. Patients rarely exhibit all three clinical features. To provide a molecular framework to the different pathological manif...