the mealybug fauna of southern iran (systan & baluchestan, hormozgan, bushehr, khuzeztan and fars provinces) is unknown to many coccidologists. in this paper, 17 mealybug species from the south of iran with their host plants are reported.maconellicoccus hirsutus (green), nipaecoccus viridis (newstead) and planococcus ficus (signoret) are the important pests and ferrisia virgata (cockerell), dys...

Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In...

eucalyptus species are cultivated in homogeneous plantations in brazil, mainly to supply woodfor the cellulose and steel industries, which favors the establishment of insect pests. the objective was todetermine the geographical distribution and structure abundance of lepidoptera defoliators of eucalypt.primary pest species of eucalypt of the order lepidoptera were found in all areas sampled and...

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used to control pests, but their benefits will be lost if pests evolve resistance. The mandated high-dose/refuge strategy for delaying pest resistance requires planting refuges of toxin-free crops near Bt crops to promote survival of susceptible pests. We report that pollen-mediated gene flow up to 31 m f...

the family eurytomidae includes economically important wasps, which feed on the seeds of various agricultural, horticultural and rangeland plants. this report is part of a survey conducted during 2009-2012 to identify the seed-eating pests of non-legume rangeland plants in the fars province of iran. the eurytomid species systole eremodauci zerova, 1994 was collected on ammoniacum plant, dorema ...

The primary strategy for delaying the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) entails refuges of plants that do not produce Bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests. Recent advances include using refuges together with Bt crop 'pyramids' that make two or more Bt toxins effective against the same pest, and ...

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Pest detection in plants and crops is essential for production of good quality food, improved quality of life and a stable agricultural economy. Excessive use of pesticides for pest control is harmful to plants, animals as well as human beings. Dig...