The expression of doubt and certainty is crucial in academic writing where the authors have to distinguish opinion from fact and evaluate their assertions in acceptable and persuasive ways. Hedges and boosters are two strategies used for this purpose. Despite their importance in academic writing, we know little about how they are used in different disciplines and genres and how foreign language...

abstract thematic development refers to the way theme and rheme in the clause are developed. the theory of rhetorical structure can be defined as the strategies that follow specific ways to make writing more persuasive. the present study aimed to examine how iraqi writers maintain cohesion in the text by analyzing the patterns of thematic progression in various rhetorical sections in an online ...