Crowdsourcing is an effective and powerful tool for firms to solve practical issues and develop innovative products, but the relationship between risks and performance in crowdsourcing has received insufficient attention. Based on a dataset of 163 samples from China, social subsystem risk is empirically found to negatively influence crowdsourcing performance, whereas technical subsystem risk af...

Subsystem codes protect quantum information by encoding it in a tensor factor of a subspace of the physical state space. Subsystem codes generalize all major quantum error protection schemes, and therefore are especially versatile. This paper introduces numerous constructions of subsystem codes. It is shown how one can derive subsystem codes from classical cyclic codes. Methods to trade the dim...

In this paper, we describe a multimedia system architecture consisting of: (1) an information management subsystem, (2) a storage subsystem, and (3) a network subsystem. Whereas the informationmanagement subsystem provides means for identifying the set of multimedia objects that may be pertinent to a client’s query, the storage subsystem ensures that multimedia objects are efficiently stored an...

Chronic childhood maltreatment (C-CM) is thought to result in permanent neurobiological alterations to the brain that manifest as a threat-sensitivity trait. However, extant research has yet to identify this trait in the context of existing personality theories. The current study utilized the fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS), a brain subsystem of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory of...