this research proceeded historical analyzing of currere as autobiographical course in reconceptualist works. therefore, reconceptualist works studied by discourse analyzing. unit of analyzing was sentenced and its level was an explanation. in order to research questions data divided to four categories: meaning of currere, methods of currere, stages of currere and politic and sociologic base in ...

Studies indicate that the influence of institutionalised religion is waning in most Western nations. In contrast, personal, spiritual, and subjective approaches to faith are on the rise. The latter may or may not relate to traditional Christian frameworks. These trends are most apparent with the aging ‘baby boomer’ population, thus changing notions of pastoral care in many countries. Counsellin...

Consistent with the aims of this special issue, we present a systems perspective on self/identity, predicated on William James's classic distinction between I and Me, and use this perspective to explore conceptual relations between self/identity, motivation to learn, and self-regulated learning. We define the I self functionally in terms of the capacity for the conscious shifting and sustaining...

Editor’s note: Eight years ago an interdisciplinary group of scientists representing several institutions worked together to codify criteria for the minimally conscious state. Unlike vegetative patients, who have no conscious awareness, minimally conscious patients show signs of voluntary motor action and response. Technology, such as functional neuroimaging, is beginning to change the way medi...

As you read this chapter, various unconscious, conscious, and even metaconscious processes will interact to derive conceptual meaning from patterns of light striking your retinas. Much of this occurs below the threshold of awareness because the shapes of letters and words are processed through hierarchical levels of unconscious visual processing until they are identified as perceptual represent...

Hobson (2009) highlights the contribution of lucid dreaming research to the field of consciousness study. Hobson (2009) also sites a lack of paradigms and theoretical models of consciousness to advance lucid dreaming research. However in addition to Hobsons’ AIM model (Hobson, Pace-Schott & Stickgold, 2000), there exists discussions of developmental models of consciousness that include lucid dr...

two meanings regarding the principality of existence (isālat al-wujūd) can be inferred from the works and words of mulla sadra. one meaning is the objectivity of existence and essence on which many issues of transcendental philosophy are based. this meaning has deep philosophical consequences and implications. it seems that this meaning causes certain problems which make its acceptance tricky. ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the sensitivity and specificity of Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) total scores in detecting conscious awareness. DESIGN Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of patients enrolled in a specialized disorders of consciousness (DOC) program. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were completed using CRS-R-derived diagnoses of minimally conscious st...

The fact that it takes time for the brain to process information from the changing environment underlies many experimental phenomena of awareness of spatiotemporal events, including a number of astonishing illusions. These phenomena have been explained from the predictive and postdictive theoretical perspectives. Here I describe the most extensively studied phenomena in order to see how well th...

Understanding consciousness is a major scientific challenge of our times, and perceptual awareness is an integral part of that challenge. This Theme Issue aims to provide a timely focus on crucial insights from leading scientists on perceptual awareness and its neural basis. The issue refers to key research questions and findings in perceptual awareness research and aims to be a catalyst for fu...