This article seeks to support the earlier dating of campaigns on Roman eastern frontier in 540s. It addresses points made a recent contribution by Michael Whitby, who argued that traditional chronology, which places invasion Persarmenia 543 and Persian siege Edessa 544, should be retained. The demonstrate grounds he offers are inadequate concludes therefore dating, according Romans invaded autu...

In attempting to attain some perspective on Iran in history, I begin, as I think one must, with the Arab-Islamic conquests in the seventh century—that series of epoch-making events following the advent of Islam, the mission of the Prophet Muhammad and the carrying of his message to vast areas east and west from Arabia, and the incorporation of many lands, from the Atlantic and the Pyrenees to t...

In this paper, we present an innovative non–linear, discrete, dynamical system trying to model the historic battle of Salamis between Greeks and Persians. September 2020 marks anniversary 2500 years that have passed since famous naval which took place in late 480 B.C. The suggested describes very well most effective strategic behavior two participants during a (or war). Moreover, compare result...

The homily on the Avar siege of Constantinople in 626 attributed to Theodore Syncellus shares numerous linguistic features both with Theodore’s 623 Virgin’s Robe and George Pisidia’s poem 626/7 siege. celebrate combined efforts Patriarch Sergius Virgin Mary saving city, but also highlights involvement other agents, particular patrician Bonus young Heraclius Constantine, who were jointly charge ...

Anxiety affects the culture of society so that content of each culture has permanent effects on behavior, feeling and psychological features of people. The purpose of this research was the comparison of early maladaptive schemas between two ethnic groups (i.e. Kurds and the Persians students) with high and low levels of trait anxiety. The research design was descriptive and ex post facto type. ...

since the evidence for direct maritime trade between the sassanid empire and china is exiguous, it has often been asserted that there was no direct sea commerce between these two countries. scholars claim that there is nothing to prove direct chinese sailings to iran before islam and say that direct sea commerce between them was occurred during early islamic period. based on the historical, arc...

background: previous studies have revealed significant differences between populations for genotypic frequencies of glutathione s-transferase t1 ( gstt1 ) and m1 ( gstm1 ) polymorphisms. in order to find the frequency of the null genotypes of gstm1 and gstt1 in iranian populations, the present study was carried out. methods: the total study subjects consisted of 1340 unrelated healthy muslims/i...

Abstract This article examines gift-giving within the Persian empire and its perception in Greek literary sources. Gift-giving world was often framed language of friendship, authors subsequently articulated traditions using cultural norms their intended audience. There were fundamental differences concepts gift-exchange reciprocity between Greeks Persians. will examine followed by gift-giving, ...