pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both arabic and persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the real. elias abu-shabaka and hushang ebtehaj are the poets of a modern disorderly era and environment. they both display a deep pessimi...

kaiss al-kaiss**, zahra hakimzadeh*** exploring saadi’s literary character to gain insight of overall picture of arab literature in his work is not entirely realized when dealing only with his persian accomplishments, it is necessary to study his accomplishments in arabic poems alongside with his persian works to succeed in such venture. saadi has a variety of purpose in his usage of arabic lan...

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) relies on the availability of rich parallel corpora. However, in the case of under-resourced languages or some specific domains, parallel corpora are not readily available. This leads to under-performing machine translation systems in those sparse data settings. To overcome the low availability of parallel resources the machine translation community has rec...

Abdul Rauf Benewah is one of the contemporary writers and poets Pashto literature language. Also, he known as five stars literature. Besides poetry, wrote a lot essays dramas, most them on social historical which are written by Pashto, Persian Arabic languages. contributed numerous collections in prose, poetry dramas. Preshans Afkar [Troubled mind] his poetic collection has good poems. was tend...

praise background in arabic poetry reaches the age of ignorance; but praise poetry in persian, has started from the third century hijri to imitation of arabic prosody. in motenabbi and hafez’s period of life, eulogy has become abundantly widespread, and a lot of poets have been writing a lot of panegyric. the place and position of praise in motenabbi and hafez’s divan has significant difference...

arabic and persian poems have numerous common points and poets of these two languages share the  same point in style, subject, structure and music of poetry. mahdi akhavan thaleth, famous iranian poet, and boland al-heidari, well-known iraqi poet,  are among poets who have many similarities in their works. as an example, there are some conceptual and verbal  similarities between qasedak and sae...

the fourth and fifth centuries ah are the golden era of arabic poetry in iran when we see a great movement in arabic poetry across iran.although it is unknown why, sistan in iran had a great role in the development and prosperity of arabic poems. but no investigation has been done about its role up to now. the presentresearch seeks topresent some topics of arabic poetry in sistanthrough explori...

sa'adi shirazi, as one of the greatest persian poets, was also fluent in arabic language. despite his fluency in arabic, he has few poems in this language; however these few poems show his high position among iranian poets who composed in arabic. metaphor as an important rhetoric figure would be analyzed in sa’adi’s poems to show how much the manner of metaphor use, both in terms of form o...