About half the growth in real per capita medical spending from 1960 to 1993 and two-thirds of its growth from 1983 to 1993 resulted from either the level or the growth of insurance coverage, chiefly the former. Dividing all factors determining the 1960-1993 growth in real per capita medical spending into two major categories, we find that 70 percent of this growth resulted from cost-increasing ...

Insurance demand is driven by many factors, but for the emerging economies, one of the most significant historical drivers of growth has been income per capita. Based on a simple forecasting approach, we project that insurance penetration in the BRICS economies could increase at a rate of between 1.6 and 4.2% per year over the coming decade, depending on the country, due to rising per capita in...

This paper provides a specific application of the Environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothetical relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. In the early stages of economic growth degradation and pollution increases, but beyond some level of income per capita it tends to reverse, so that at high economic growth leads to environmental improvement. T...

We estimate a unified measure of inclusive growth for emerging markets by integrating their economic growth performance and income distribution outcomes, using data over three decades. Country distributions are calibrated by combining PPP GDP per capita and income distribution from survey data. We apply the microeconomic concept of a social mobility function at the macroeconomic level to measur...

This paper investigates the relationship between professional sports franchises and venues and real per capita personal income in 37 standard metropolitan statistical areas in the United States over the period 1969 to 1994. Our empirical framework accounts for the entry and departure of professional football, basketball, and baseball franchises; the construction of arenas and stadia; and other ...