In previous reports we have described the toxicity of certain peptones and amino acids, particularly cystine, for brucellae (Schuhardt, Rode, Foster, and Oglesby, 1949; Schuhardt, Rode, and Oglesby, 1949). Subsequently, we found and reported that cystine per se is not toxic for these organims, and proved that the observed toxicity of autoclaved cystine is due to a heat-induced breakdown product...

A habitat-simulating medium was developed for the enumeration and isolation of bacteria from a swine waste digester. A roll tube medium with growth factors for strict anaerobes from previously studied anaerobic ecosystems was used to evaluate the effects of deletion, addition, or level of digester fluid, digester fluid treated with acid or base, rumen fluid, fecal extract, anaerobic pit extract...

Glucagon like peptide-1 is an insulinotropic hormone released from intestinal L-cells in response to food ingestion. Here, we investigated mechanisms underlying the sensing of peptones by primary small intestinal L-cells. Meat, casein and vegetable-derived peptones (5 mg/ml), the L-amino acids Phe, Trp, Gln and Ala (20 mM each), and the dipeptide glycine-sarcosine (20 mM) stimulated GLP-1 secre...

That proteins and their constituents combine with heavy met’als to form “complexes” has been known for some time. Among these copper has received the most attention and considerable work has been done on the copper complexes of amino-acids; t’hey have been isolated,2 analyzed and studied by chemical and physical methods. On the other hand the complexes of peptides and peptones have received onl...

The canning industry plays a crucial role in the sector of marine foods, but produces several organic wastes and effluents with reduced economic value that must be upgraded to comply circular bioeconomy principles. Initially, we have searched best experimental conditions for hydrolysis upper lower halves from yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares ) heads by four commercial proteases (alcalase, pap...

About three-quarters of a century ago, Santayana wrote, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." This somber dictum is splendidly illustrated by the history of the study of protein digestion and absorption over the same three-quarters of a century (12,13). This chapter begins with a summary of this history, since it provides a deeper understanding of the principles invol...

The isolation of the blood group A specific substance from commercial peptone has been described. The chemical and serological properties of the material from that source have been defined.