After food is ingested, nutrients pass through the gastrointestinal tract, stimulating the release of a range of peptide hormones. Among their many local, central and peripheral actions, these hormones act to mediate glucose metabolism and satiety. Indeed, it is the modification of gut hormone secretion that is considered partly responsible for the normalization of glycaemic control and the red...

The obesity epidemic and its associated morbidity and mortality have led to major research efforts to identify mechanisms that regulate appetite. Gut hormones have recently been found to be an important element in appetite regulation as a result of the signals from the periphery to the brain. Candidate hormones include ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypept...

Abstract This review is devoted to the 100-year history of investigation peptide hormones and creation drugs on their basis, starting from insulin discovery its introduction into a medical practice in 1921. The basic groups are discussed: neurohypophyseal hormones, hypothalamic releasing incretins, insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), calcitonin. first therapeutic agents based were crea...

At the turn of XIX and XX century, the principal concept explaining the mechanism of secretory activity of the digestive glands was nervism proposed by I. P. Pavlov at Russian physiological school in St Petersburg, and this dogma was widely recognized for several years in other countries. The discovery of secretin in 1902 by W.B. Bayliss and E.H. Starling, and then of gastrin in 1906 by J.S. Ed...

BACKGROUND Reproductive function is tightly regulated by nutritional status. Indeed, it has been well described that undernutrition or obesity can lead to subfertility or infertility in humans. The common regulatory pathways which control energy homeostasis and reproductive function have, to date, been poorly understood due to limited studies or inconclusive data. However, gut hormones and adip...