There are a number of reports on Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and vertebral column resection (VCR). However, there are few systematic reviews of all three kinds of osteotomies. Literature review and author's experience of SPO, PSO and VCR osteotomy will be described. Various surgical techniques can be applied according to the disease entity and magnitude o...

STUDY DESIGN  Case report. OBJECTIVE  To describe a case of thoracic pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for congenital kyphosis in a child. BACKGROUND INFORMATION  Although congenital kyphosis is rare, it is a challenging cause of pediatric myelopathy and frank paralysis. Even less common is the use of PSO for the surgical management of focal congenital kyphosis. We present the case of a c...

Flexion deformities of the cervical spine are multiplanar surgical challenges. This article describes a technical modification during the osteotomy that protects the cervical cord and exiting nerve roots while removing the maximal amount of bone for the osteotomy in the safest fashion.