Continuous growth, associated with a steady parental food supply, is a general pattern in offspring development. So that young chicks can acquire their locomotor independence, this period is usually marked by a fast maturation of muscles, during which different myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms are expressed. However, parental food provisioning may fluctuate seasonally, and offspring therefore...

Introduction Customary dissection in the Physical Therapy Anatomy Laboratory yielded a unilateral left-sided pectoral variation in a single cadaver. The cadaver was a 60-yearold Caucasian male. The variant included two separate thoracic wall muscles between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. One muscle was identified as a pectoralis quartus and the other as an accessory thoracic...

Digital mammogram has emerged as the most popular screening technique for early detection of breast cancer and other abnormalities in human breast tissue. It provides us opportunities to develop algorithms for computer aided detection (CAD). In this paper we have proposed three distinct steps. The initial step involves contrast enhancement by using the contrast limited adaptive histogram equali...

compared to transfemoral access, but detection and management of these complications are not well defined. We presented two unusual cases of pectoral muscle hematoma after transradial coronary angioplasty. The first case was a male patient who had undergone angiography through the left radial artery. Advancing to the aortic arch through the axillary artery was challenging and was performed by c...

A rare case of three muscle anomalies in the pectoral region was discovered during routine dissection of an 85-year-old female cadaver. The muscle anomalies include the congenital partial absence of the pectoralis major muscle, a sternalis muscle, and a pectoralis quartus muscle. All three variants presented on the right side. The pectoralis major muscle demonstrated a normal clavicular head bu...

Non-migratory, stream-resident populations of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, have a lower maximum oxygen consumption ((O(2),max)) than ancestral migratory marine populations. Here, we examined laboratory-bred stream-resident and marine crosses from two locations (West and Bonsall Creeks) to determine which steps in the oxygen transport and utilization cascade evolved in conjunc...

Detection of micro calcification based on textural image segmentation and classification is the most effective early-diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of segmentation is to extract a breast region by estimation of a breast skin-line and a pectoral muscle as well as removing radiographic artifacts and the background of the mammogram. The intensity value is taken using histogram function. After...

In the calidrine sandpiper red knot (Calidris canutus), the weeks preceding takeoff for long-distance migration are characterized by a rapid increase in body mass, largely made up of fat but also including a significant proportion of lean tissue. Before takeoff, the pectoral muscles are known to hypertrophy in preparation for endurance flight without any specific training. Because birds facing ...

approved:_ __ Lavern J. Weber Neuromuscular pharmacology has been extensively studied in mammals but there have been few investigations examining the neuromuscular systems of fish. In situ experiments have shown that the basic cholinergic characteristics of fish neuromuscular junctions are different from those of mammals. In order to further understand the nature of these differences, the riico...

Among the variations of pectoral muscles, this case appears to be unique in the literature. This was a case of an accessory pectoral muscle which was located between pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, which was discovered during a routine anatomy dissection. The accessory muscle originated from 6(th) and 7(th) ribs at costo-chondral junction, which travelled supero-laterally and ins...