The Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GPS, GLONASS and the future GALILEO) has proven to be a useful tool for precision deformation monitoring applications in structural engineering. For continuous structural deformation monitoring on an epoch-by-epoch basis it is desirable for a measurement system to deliver equal precision in all position components, all the time. However, the quality of ...

This paper surveys a variety of special fibers which have been developed for the sensor and component markets, based upon the Polarization-mainmining And Absorption-reducing (PANDA) design. Various types of polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers, rare-earth doped fibers, image-transmitting fibers, and other special fibers will be discussed. L INTRODUCTION PANDA polarization-maintaining fibers [1]...

RF interference (RFI) has been and will continue to be a significant worry for GNSS users. This paper introduces several different types of RFI, categorizes them based upon the intent (if any) of the RFI transmitter, and then examines a relatively new and growing source of RFI: Personal Privacy Devices (PPDs) that aim to prevent people and vehicles from being tracked by GNSS within a limited ar...