Giardia duodenalis infections are among the most common causes of waterborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. At the height of infection, G. duodenalis trophozoites induce multiple pathophysiological processes within intestinal epithelial cells that contribute to the development of diarrhoeal disease. To date, our understanding of pathophysiological processes in giardiasis remains incompletely und...

Although aortic root and ascending aneurysms are treated the same, they differ in embryological development pathological processes. This study examined microscopic structural differences between aneurysms, correlating these features with macroscopic pathophysiological

The pathophysiological processes leading to acute pancreatitis are so far largely unknown and therapy requires a precise knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease to be effective. In modern medicine an evidence-based approach is necessary to balance between the benefit of patients and the economic resources; thus we reviewed the literature data on the best pharmacological ap...

Dexras1 and RHES, monomeric G proteins, are members of small GTPase family that are involved in modulation of pathophysiological processes. Dexras1 and RHES levels are modulated by hormones and Dexras1 expression undergoes circadian fluctuations. Both these GTPases are capable of modulating calcium ion channels which in turn can potentially modulate neurosecretion/hormonal release. These two GT...

Background: The menopause is a physiological process that occurs and diabetes is a metabolic disease that has an increased incidence in advancing age in women. Aims & Objective: The purpose of the study to examine the effect of menopause and/or diabetes that causes pathophysiological status on parotid gland. Materials and Methods: Sprague-dawley 24 adult female rats (12 week old) were randomly,...