Hypothesis tests currently used in plant pathology are almost always based on a null hypothesis of equal means. In this framework, the experimenter determines whether or not there is evidence that the means are, in fact, different. This framework makes sense for many common questions such as whether a new management technique gives an increase in yield over existing management techniques. But s...

Chronic shoulder pain and dysfunction are common complaints among overhead athletes seeking care from physical medicine and rehabilitation. Impingement is a frequently described pathological condition in the overhead athlete. Impingement symptoms may be the result of rotator cuff pathology, shoulder instability, scapular dyskinesis or muscle dysfunction, biceps pathology, SLAP lesions and chron...

QUESTION Do clinical tests accurately diagnose rotator cuff pathology? DESIGN A systematic review of investigations into the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for rotator cuff pathology. PARTICIPANTS People with shoulder pain who underwent clinical testing in order to diagnose rotator cuff pathology. OUTCOME MEASURES The diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests was determined using likel...

T he intent of this brief review is to present a few highlights in the short history of hearing evaluations to differentiate conductive from sensorineural pathologies and cochlear versus retrocochlear lesions. Not all developments can be cited in a limited review. Equally interesting historical reviews in the developments of tests of central auditory function and tests for pseudohypocusis can b...

BACKGROUND Atypical glandular cells (AGC) identified on Pap tests may be markers for potentially significant pathology. OBJECTIVES Primarily, to correlate AGC findings at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH, Cape Town, South Africa) with subsequent histological investigations and attempt to identify predictors of pathology relevant to the clinical management of women with a cytological diagnosis of A...

BACKGROUND Concussion in sport typically recovers clinically within 10 days of injury. In some cases, however, symptoms may be prolonged or complications may develop. The objectives of the current paper are to review the literature regarding the difficult concussion and to provide recommendations for an approach to the investigation and management of patients with persistent symptoms. METHODS...

Objective to present a guide with recommendations for translation, adaptation, elaboration and process of validation of tests in Speech and Language Pathology. Methods the recommendations were based on international guidelines with a focus on the elaboration, translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation process of tests. Results the recommendations were grouped into two Charts, one...

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of perioperative tests for the diagnosis of infectionin revision shoulder arthroplasty.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 537 shoulder arthroplasties (429 patients) that underwent revisionshoulder arthroplasty at our institution. Periprosthetic tissue cultures were positive in 169/537 surgeries.Results: White-blood ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Current diagnostic testing is inadequate to determine the malignant potential of pancreatic cysts, resulting in overcautious patient management. Integrated molecular pathology (IMP) testing combines molecular analysis with first-line test results (cytology, imaging, and fluid chemistry) to assess the malignant potential of pancreatic cysts. This multicenter study aimed...

INTRODUCTION Tiredness is a common presentation in general practice for which pathology tests are commonly ordered. Our aim was to study their utilisation for tiredness. METHODS We examined an integrated database which contains the medical records for 58,139 patients and their 696,518 associated general practitioner encounters. Three hundred and forty-two patients and their 1652 associated en...