Biocontamination control is a very significant part of the manufacturing process of sterile drugs. Sterility is frequently monitored by active or passive air sampling measurements, but there are no specific rules as to how this is to be done. This study tested air sampling methods of active impaction and passive sedimentation under standardized conditions. Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Staph...

Passive samplers have been shown to be an inexpensive alternative to direct sampling. Diffusion denuders have been developed to measure the concentration of species such as ammonia (NH3), which is in equilibrium with particulate ammonium nitrate. Conventional denuder sampling has required active sampling that inherently requires air pumps and, therefore, electrical power. To estimate emissions ...

Monitoring of harmful substances in an aquatic environment is based on spot sampling which is the only sampling technique accepted by environmental authorities in the European Union. Still the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires novel sampling tools for monitoring priority pollutants since their concentrations in natural waters can often remain below th...

The TOPAS / TDS D system combines the advantages of the passive sampling of badge-type passive samplers with thermal desorption for sample transfer to the gas chromatography system. The large surface and the sampler’s short diffusion path permit high sampling rates. Use of thermal desorption as a sample transfer technique avoids the necessity for time consuming sample preparation and allows low...

The diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique is an in situ passive sampling method that is designed to accumulate labile metal species in environmental systems. DGTs were applied for the determination of time integrated concentrations of low level dissolved metals in waters in areas of ecological concern. The data revealed heavy metal contamination of waters and tracked the contaminatio...